I'm cheering for you clever girl
الخميس، 25 ديسمبر 2008
الأربعاء، 24 ديسمبر 2008
fish
Fish are aquatic vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously cold-blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Fish are abundant in the sea and in fresh water, with species being known from mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) as well as in the deepest depths of the ocean (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish).
Fish are of tremendous importance as food for people around the world, either collected from the wild (see fishing) or farmed in much the same way as cattle or chickens (see aquaculture). Fish are also exploited for recreation, through angling and fishkeeping, and are commonly exhibited in public aquaria.
Fish have an important role in many cultures through the ages, ranging as widely as deities and religious symbols to subjects of books and popular movies in various cultures.
Fish are of tremendous importance as food for people around the world, either collected from the wild (see fishing) or farmed in much the same way as cattle or chickens (see aquaculture). Fish are also exploited for recreation, through angling and fishkeeping, and are commonly exhibited in public aquaria.
Fish have an important role in many cultures through the ages, ranging as widely as deities and religious symbols to subjects of books and popular movies in various cultures.
الاثنين، 22 ديسمبر 2008
Life After High School
"So, what are you doing after graduation?" Many juniors and seniors get bored answering that question over and over. Whether your plans include college, heading straight for the workforce, or taking a year off, here are some practical tips to prepare yourself for the journey.
Going to College
Some people know from an early age exactly what they want to be and how they plan to get there. Rachel's dad is a doctor and his love for his chosen career inspired her to follow in his footsteps. Rachel, who is about to start medical school, said she chose her undergraduate program with the idea of medical school in mind.
Not all of us are so sure of our plans, though, and that's OK too. Many people start off in a liberal arts program in college and then decide on a major after a year or two. (School counselors say that 75% of students change their majors after they enter college.) School is also not just about careers and getting a high-paying job after graduation — it's a place for learning about yourself and the world.
Selecting a School
If college is in your future, you need to plan. Which schools appeal to you? How are you going to pay for your education?
How do you decide on a school when there are thousands to pick from? Start by asking yourself questions about your preferences:
1.What are my strengths?
2.Am I interested in liberal arts or science or business?
3.What kind of learning environment is best for me?
4.Would I be more comfortable in a small school or would I feel confined?
5.Do I want to stay close to home or live far away?
6.Would I prefer to be in a city environment or a small college town?
7.Should I go to a school where athletics are big or where fraternities or sororities rule?
8.Do I like being with people who are mostly like me or do I want to meet a diverse group?
Ask friends and older siblings who are in college about their schools and about other schools they're familiar with. Talk to your school counselor or one of your teachers and go to college fairs when they visit your town.
Once you've narrowed down your choices, ask the schools to send you literature. Visit their websites. When you've whittled your list down to a manageable number, make arrangements to visit. Try to do this when school is in session so you can get a good idea of what life is really like on campus.
And remember: You're not the only one making a decision. Schools are picking from a large pool of applicants. They want to know how well-rounded you are and what makes you stand out from everyone else. They will look at your grade point average, standardized test scores, class rank, personal essay, and your extracurricular activities — so it's important to dedicate time and effort to all these things.
Admissions Options
Most schools offer a range of admissions options. Investigate which of these your favorite schools offer:
Regular admissions means that schools mail their decisions in April.
Rolling admissions means that a school processes applications as they come in; you can apply at any time, but it's best to be early because spots fill up.
The early-decision option is for students who are really sure about the school they want to attend, and who want to know earlier than April if they have been admitted. There's a drawback to applying under an early-decision option, though: You are promising that school that you'll attend if you're admitted.
Some schools offer an early-action option, which means that students can be admitted early but don't have to attend.
Money, Money, Money
Don't cross a school off your list just because the tuition is steep. Ask your school counselor about possible community scholarships. Ask the school's financial-aid office about scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and loans. See if your parents' employers offer scholarships. And check out organizations within your community. An amazing number of college funding sources are out there for students with specific career goals in mind. Your high school guidance counselor should be a good resource for finding these.
To apply for federal aid in the United States, you have to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form, although some schools use their own forms. Check with your school counselor to be sure you've covered all the bases when it comes to financial aid.
Getting a Job
Maybe you've decided that college isn't for you — right now, anyway. If you want to join the workforce, opportunities are out there for people who don't have degrees. One path that some grads take is joining the military or a service corps. Some retail or hospitality industry organizations offer training programs to high school grads. Check out the possibilities in computing, bookkeeping and payroll, or sales.
Talk to your school counselor or a favorite teacher about the job market in your area. Make sure your parents' friends know you're looking. Scour the classified ads in the newspaper and do some Internet research. Most large companies list their job openings on their websites.
Don't overlook trade opportunities. Matt studied industrial engineering in college. Halfway through the first year, he decided school just wasn't working out, although he stayed for the full year. So he transferred into an apprenticeship program to become an electrician. "Sometimes you feel that society says you have to go to college, especially if you're a good student, and I went through that battle in my head," says Matt. "But I knew I had to figure out what was right for me. And now that I have, I don't regret my choice at all."
Taking Time Off
For some people, the prospect of starting college, especially going away to school, is scary. It's probably the first time that you'll be totally responsible for your own schedule. What if you intend to go to college but just don't feel ready to start yet — for whatever reason — and you don't want to take on a full-time job after graduation? You might want to take a year off to pause and regroup. This practice is common in some countries, like the United Kingdom, where it's called a "gap year."
Taking time off doesn't mean you should ignore the idea of applying to college. In fact, you may want to consider making your college plans before you become involved in other things, especially if you'll be traveling. Apply to schools and make your choice, then ask for a deferred admission. Rachel took a year off and worked in New York City between college and medical school. She says that she had to be extremely well organized about planning for med school so she didn't miss any of her deadlines. "Not only did I have to apply to schools and make plans to take my MCAT exams, I also had to make all my living arrangements and other plans for my year off!"
Even if you decide not to apply to college, it can be a great idea to take a year to do something you may not have an opportunity to do again. Lots of volunteer organizations would welcome your time and energy and would provide you with a wonderful learning experience.
If you take a year off you'll learn some great life skills — like living on a tight budget! Plan how you'll pay your way while you're traveling or doing volunteer work. Can you live at home or with friends? Get a part-time job?
Talking to Your Parents
What if your post-graduation plans differ from what your parents have in mind? Talk openly with your parents about your plans — both for the short term (like what you want to do next year) and the long term (what you think you'd like to do in life). If your parents want you to go to college but you don't feel you're ready or that college is right for you, explain why.
"My parents were a little concerned that I wouldn't follow through on my plans for medical school if I took a year off," says Rachel. "But I explained how I was worried I'd burn out if I spent all that time in school — I just felt I needed a break to do something different. I think that when they saw all the planning I put into my medical school applications, they were reassured!"
Getting Advice
Even if your parents are cool, they probably don't know everything. For school and career guidance, visit your school counselor and talk with adult friends (for example, godparents or friends of the family). Make an effort to talk to people in the fields that interest you. If you think you want to be an accountant, call some accountants and ask them about their work. Most people are flattered to get calls like this, and they'll usually take the time to talk to a student.
Whatever you choose to do now does not have to be what you do forever. You can always go back to school or change a career path — lots of people do.
"So, what are you doing after graduation?" Many juniors and seniors get bored answering that question over and over. Whether your plans include college, heading straight for the workforce, or taking a year off, here are some practical tips to prepare yourself for the journey.
Going to College
Some people know from an early age exactly what they want to be and how they plan to get there. Rachel's dad is a doctor and his love for his chosen career inspired her to follow in his footsteps. Rachel, who is about to start medical school, said she chose her undergraduate program with the idea of medical school in mind.
Not all of us are so sure of our plans, though, and that's OK too. Many people start off in a liberal arts program in college and then decide on a major after a year or two. (School counselors say that 75% of students change their majors after they enter college.) School is also not just about careers and getting a high-paying job after graduation — it's a place for learning about yourself and the world.
Selecting a School
If college is in your future, you need to plan. Which schools appeal to you? How are you going to pay for your education?
How do you decide on a school when there are thousands to pick from? Start by asking yourself questions about your preferences:
1.What are my strengths?
2.Am I interested in liberal arts or science or business?
3.What kind of learning environment is best for me?
4.Would I be more comfortable in a small school or would I feel confined?
5.Do I want to stay close to home or live far away?
6.Would I prefer to be in a city environment or a small college town?
7.Should I go to a school where athletics are big or where fraternities or sororities rule?
8.Do I like being with people who are mostly like me or do I want to meet a diverse group?
Ask friends and older siblings who are in college about their schools and about other schools they're familiar with. Talk to your school counselor or one of your teachers and go to college fairs when they visit your town.
Once you've narrowed down your choices, ask the schools to send you literature. Visit their websites. When you've whittled your list down to a manageable number, make arrangements to visit. Try to do this when school is in session so you can get a good idea of what life is really like on campus.
And remember: You're not the only one making a decision. Schools are picking from a large pool of applicants. They want to know how well-rounded you are and what makes you stand out from everyone else. They will look at your grade point average, standardized test scores, class rank, personal essay, and your extracurricular activities — so it's important to dedicate time and effort to all these things.
Admissions Options
Most schools offer a range of admissions options. Investigate which of these your favorite schools offer:
Regular admissions means that schools mail their decisions in April.
Rolling admissions means that a school processes applications as they come in; you can apply at any time, but it's best to be early because spots fill up.
The early-decision option is for students who are really sure about the school they want to attend, and who want to know earlier than April if they have been admitted. There's a drawback to applying under an early-decision option, though: You are promising that school that you'll attend if you're admitted.
Some schools offer an early-action option, which means that students can be admitted early but don't have to attend.
Money, Money, Money
Don't cross a school off your list just because the tuition is steep. Ask your school counselor about possible community scholarships. Ask the school's financial-aid office about scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and loans. See if your parents' employers offer scholarships. And check out organizations within your community. An amazing number of college funding sources are out there for students with specific career goals in mind. Your high school guidance counselor should be a good resource for finding these.
To apply for federal aid in the United States, you have to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form, although some schools use their own forms. Check with your school counselor to be sure you've covered all the bases when it comes to financial aid.
Getting a Job
Maybe you've decided that college isn't for you — right now, anyway. If you want to join the workforce, opportunities are out there for people who don't have degrees. One path that some grads take is joining the military or a service corps. Some retail or hospitality industry organizations offer training programs to high school grads. Check out the possibilities in computing, bookkeeping and payroll, or sales.
Talk to your school counselor or a favorite teacher about the job market in your area. Make sure your parents' friends know you're looking. Scour the classified ads in the newspaper and do some Internet research. Most large companies list their job openings on their websites.
Don't overlook trade opportunities. Matt studied industrial engineering in college. Halfway through the first year, he decided school just wasn't working out, although he stayed for the full year. So he transferred into an apprenticeship program to become an electrician. "Sometimes you feel that society says you have to go to college, especially if you're a good student, and I went through that battle in my head," says Matt. "But I knew I had to figure out what was right for me. And now that I have, I don't regret my choice at all."
Taking Time Off
For some people, the prospect of starting college, especially going away to school, is scary. It's probably the first time that you'll be totally responsible for your own schedule. What if you intend to go to college but just don't feel ready to start yet — for whatever reason — and you don't want to take on a full-time job after graduation? You might want to take a year off to pause and regroup. This practice is common in some countries, like the United Kingdom, where it's called a "gap year."
Taking time off doesn't mean you should ignore the idea of applying to college. In fact, you may want to consider making your college plans before you become involved in other things, especially if you'll be traveling. Apply to schools and make your choice, then ask for a deferred admission. Rachel took a year off and worked in New York City between college and medical school. She says that she had to be extremely well organized about planning for med school so she didn't miss any of her deadlines. "Not only did I have to apply to schools and make plans to take my MCAT exams, I also had to make all my living arrangements and other plans for my year off!"
Even if you decide not to apply to college, it can be a great idea to take a year to do something you may not have an opportunity to do again. Lots of volunteer organizations would welcome your time and energy and would provide you with a wonderful learning experience.
If you take a year off you'll learn some great life skills — like living on a tight budget! Plan how you'll pay your way while you're traveling or doing volunteer work. Can you live at home or with friends? Get a part-time job?
Talking to Your Parents
What if your post-graduation plans differ from what your parents have in mind? Talk openly with your parents about your plans — both for the short term (like what you want to do next year) and the long term (what you think you'd like to do in life). If your parents want you to go to college but you don't feel you're ready or that college is right for you, explain why.
"My parents were a little concerned that I wouldn't follow through on my plans for medical school if I took a year off," says Rachel. "But I explained how I was worried I'd burn out if I spent all that time in school — I just felt I needed a break to do something different. I think that when they saw all the planning I put into my medical school applications, they were reassured!"
Getting Advice
Even if your parents are cool, they probably don't know everything. For school and career guidance, visit your school counselor and talk with adult friends (for example, godparents or friends of the family). Make an effort to talk to people in the fields that interest you. If you think you want to be an accountant, call some accountants and ask them about their work. Most people are flattered to get calls like this, and they'll usually take the time to talk to a student.
Whatever you choose to do now does not have to be what you do forever. You can always go back to school or change a career path — lots of people do.
الجمعة، 19 ديسمبر 2008
Time Wasters
PUZZLESNumber LogicCaught up in the current Sudoku craze? This site offers a hefty supply of puzzles to tackle. Work independently or compete head-to-head against other registered users. There are three levels of difficulty; the site will time you (there's a pause button if you need to take a breather) and, if you wish, "validate" your answers (and highlight any mistakes). You don't have to sign in to use the site — but you do if you want your scores recorded.
CELEBRITY GOSSIPTMZKudos to these newshounds who broke the Mel Gibson story. TMZ is the place to go when you need a shot of entertainment and celebrity news; its "gotcha" style reminds us of The Smoking Gun. Scroll down to the bottom of the home page for links to the latest posts on some of the other "hot blogs" in the celeb category, including "L.A. gossip rag" Defamer and the more media-centric, Manhattan-based Gawker. Got more time to kill? Pink Is the New Blog dishes with flare. (Full disclosure: TMZ.com is part of AOL, which is owned by the same company that owns Time.com.)
MOOD LIFTERCute OverloadBecause sometimes you just need to look at pictures of kittens. Or farm animals. Or hedgehogs. This popular blog provides a daily dose of cute imagery, found somewhere on the Internet or emailed in by a fan. Browse categories ("Pocket Pets," "Cats N Racks") or follow the site's links to more cuteness at sites like Baby Animalz.com and Pandafix .
PAINTINGJackson Pollock by Miltos Manetas Here's a place where you can indulge your inner abstract expressionist: move your mouse to splatter virtual paint and click to change the color. To create a hard copy, right-click on the "canvas" and select Print.
FREE GAMESShockwaveYou'll find a variety of ways to procrastinate here — there are games you can play by yourself, and multiplayer games; flash games you play inside your browser, and games you download. You can browse by category or search by keyword (check out Loop, under Adventure). If you don't already have the latest Shockwave Player installed on your computer, you'll be prompted to download it.
MONSTER MASHYu-Gi-Oh GrooveHere's one for the kids: a site that features characters from the popular anime world of Yu-Gi-Oh, doing something they don't ordinarily do: dance. It's silly and fun — you mix and match the music and moves. Developer Timothy Harris photographed the actual toys in various poses to create the stop-motion animations. Best feature: though sponsored by Mattel, there's not an ad or corporate logo in sight.
الاثنين، 15 ديسمبر 2008
Tar: (القطران)
is a viscous black liquid derived from the destructive distillation of organic matter. Most tar is produced from coal as a byproduct of coke production, but it can also be produced from petroleum, peat or wood.
Rainforests;(الغابات المطيرة)
are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78inches).
Global warming:(الحترار العالمي)
is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.
الاثنين، 8 ديسمبر 2008
السبت، 6 ديسمبر 2008
Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha (Arabic ‘Īd ul-’Aḍḥā) or the Festival of Sacrifice is a religious festival celebrated by Muslims and Druze worldwide in commemoration of the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God.
The devil tempted Ibrahim by saying he should disobey God and spare his son. As Ibrahim was about to sacrifice his son, God intervened and instead provided a lamb as the sacrifice.
This is why today all over the world Muslims who have the means to, sacrifice an animal (usually a goat or a sheep), as a reminder of Ibrahim's obedience to God. The meat is then shared out with family, friends (Muslims or non-Muslims), as well as the poor members of the community. (Islam names Ishmael as the son who was to be sacrificed, whereas the Judeo-Christian name Isaac).
Eid al-Adha is one of two Eid festivals celebrated by Muslims, whose basis comes from the Quran.[1] (Muslims in Iran celebrate a third, non-denominational Eid.) Like Eid el-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a short prayer followed by a sermon (khuṭba).
Eid al-Adha annually falls on the 10th day of the month of Dhul Hijja (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar. The festivities last for two to three days or more depending on the country. Eid al-Adha occurs the day after the pilgrims conducting Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide, descend from Mount Arafat. It happens to be approximately 70 days after the end of the month of Ramadan.
Eid al-Adha
What is Eid al-Adha
At the end of the Hajj (annual pilgrimage to Mecca), Muslims throughout the world celebrate the holiday of Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice). In 2008, Eid al-Adha will begin on approximately December 8th, and will last for three days.
At the end of the Hajj (annual pilgrimage to Mecca), Muslims throughout the world celebrate the holiday of Eid al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice). In 2008, Eid al-Adha will begin on approximately December 8th, and will last for three days.
What does Eid al-Adha commemoratr?
During the Hajj, Muslims remember and commemorate the trials and triumphs of the Prophet Abraham. The Qur'an describes Abraham as follows:
"Surely Abraham was an example, obedient to Allah, by nature upright, and he was not of the polytheists. He was grateful for Our bounties. We chose him and guided him unto a right path. We gave him good in this world, and in the next he will most surely be among the righteous." (Qur'an 16:120-121)
One of Abraham's main trials was to face the command of Allah to kill his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to Allah's will. When he was all prepared to do it, Allah revealed to him that his "sacrifice" had already been fulfilled. He had shown that his love for his Lord superceded all others, that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dear to him in order to submit to God.
Why do Muslims sacrifice an animal on this day?
During the celebration of Eid al-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abraham's trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel, or goat. This action is very often misunderstood by those outside the faith.
Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat, but only if we pronounce His name at the solemn act of taking life. Muslims slaughter animals in the same way throughout the year. By saying the name of Allah at the time of slaughter, we are reminded that life is sacred.
The meat from the sacrifice of Eid al-Adha is mostly given away to others. One-third is eaten by immediate family and relatives, one-third is given away to friends, and one-third is donated to the poor. The act symbolizes our willingness to give up things that are of benefit to us or close to our hearts, in order to follow Allah's commands. It also symbolizes our willingness to give up some of our own bounties, in order to strengthen ties of friendship and help those who are in need. We recognize that all blessings come from Allah, and we should open our hearts and share with others.
It is very important to understand that the sacrifice itself, as practiced by Muslims, has nothing to do with atoning for our sins or using the blood to wash ourselves from sin. This is a misunderstanding by those of previous generations: "It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah; it is your piety that reaches Him." (Qur'an 22:37)
The symbolism is in the attitude - a willingness to make sacrifices in our lives in order to stay on the Straight Path. Each of us makes small sacrifices, giving up things that are fun or important to us. A true Muslim, one who submits his or herself completely to the Lord, is willing to follow Allah's commands completely and obediently. It is this strength of heart, purity in faith, and willing obedience that our Lord desires from us.
What else do Muslims do to celebrate the holiday?
On the first morning of Eid al-Adha, Muslims around the world attend morning prayers at their local mosques. Prayers are followed by visits with family and friends, and the exchange of greetings and gifts. At some point, members of the family will visit a local farm or otherwise will make arrangements for the slaughter of an animal. The meat is distributed during the days of the holiday or shortly thereafter.
During the Hajj, Muslims remember and commemorate the trials and triumphs of the Prophet Abraham. The Qur'an describes Abraham as follows:
"Surely Abraham was an example, obedient to Allah, by nature upright, and he was not of the polytheists. He was grateful for Our bounties. We chose him and guided him unto a right path. We gave him good in this world, and in the next he will most surely be among the righteous." (Qur'an 16:120-121)
One of Abraham's main trials was to face the command of Allah to kill his only son. Upon hearing this command, he prepared to submit to Allah's will. When he was all prepared to do it, Allah revealed to him that his "sacrifice" had already been fulfilled. He had shown that his love for his Lord superceded all others, that he would lay down his own life or the lives of those dear to him in order to submit to God.
Why do Muslims sacrifice an animal on this day?
During the celebration of Eid al-Adha, Muslims commemorate and remember Abraham's trials, by themselves slaughtering an animal such as a sheep, camel, or goat. This action is very often misunderstood by those outside the faith.
Allah has given us power over animals and allowed us to eat meat, but only if we pronounce His name at the solemn act of taking life. Muslims slaughter animals in the same way throughout the year. By saying the name of Allah at the time of slaughter, we are reminded that life is sacred.
The meat from the sacrifice of Eid al-Adha is mostly given away to others. One-third is eaten by immediate family and relatives, one-third is given away to friends, and one-third is donated to the poor. The act symbolizes our willingness to give up things that are of benefit to us or close to our hearts, in order to follow Allah's commands. It also symbolizes our willingness to give up some of our own bounties, in order to strengthen ties of friendship and help those who are in need. We recognize that all blessings come from Allah, and we should open our hearts and share with others.
It is very important to understand that the sacrifice itself, as practiced by Muslims, has nothing to do with atoning for our sins or using the blood to wash ourselves from sin. This is a misunderstanding by those of previous generations: "It is not their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah; it is your piety that reaches Him." (Qur'an 22:37)
The symbolism is in the attitude - a willingness to make sacrifices in our lives in order to stay on the Straight Path. Each of us makes small sacrifices, giving up things that are fun or important to us. A true Muslim, one who submits his or herself completely to the Lord, is willing to follow Allah's commands completely and obediently. It is this strength of heart, purity in faith, and willing obedience that our Lord desires from us.
What else do Muslims do to celebrate the holiday?
On the first morning of Eid al-Adha, Muslims around the world attend morning prayers at their local mosques. Prayers are followed by visits with family and friends, and the exchange of greetings and gifts. At some point, members of the family will visit a local farm or otherwise will make arrangements for the slaughter of an animal. The meat is distributed during the days of the holiday or shortly thereafter.
الجمعة، 5 ديسمبر 2008
apple
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 3 to 12 metres tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown.The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals 5 to 12 cm long and 3–6 centimetres broad on a 2 to 5 centimetres petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Blossoms are produced in spring simultaneously with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled.The fruit matures in autumn.The center of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.
The tree originated from Central Asia, where its wild ancestor is still found today. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples resulting in range of desired characteristics. Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.
At least 55 million tonnes of apples were grown worldwide in 2005, with a value of about $10 billion. China produced about 35% of this total. The United States is the second leading producer, with more than 7.5% of the world production. Turkey, France, Italy and Iran are among the leading apple exporters.
الخميس، 27 نوفمبر 2008
Migraines & Headaches
Tension headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults. They are commonly referred to as stress headaches.
A tension headache may appear periodically ("episodic," less than 15 days per month) or daily ("chronic," more than 15 days per month). An episodic tension headache may be described as a mild to moderate constant band-like pain, tightness or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck.
These headaches may last from 30 minutes to several days. Episodic tension headaches usually begin gradually, and often occur in the middle of the day.
The "severity" of a tension headache increases significantly with its frequency. Chronic tension headaches come and go over a prolonged period of time. The pain is usually throbbing and affects the front, top or sides of the head. Although the pain may vary in intensity throughout the day, the pain is almost always present. Chronic tension headaches do not affect vision, balance or strength. Tension headaches do not keep a person from performing daily tasks.
A tension headache may appear periodically ("episodic," less than 15 days per month) or daily ("chronic," more than 15 days per month). An episodic tension headache may be described as a mild to moderate constant band-like pain, tightness or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck.
These headaches may last from 30 minutes to several days. Episodic tension headaches usually begin gradually, and often occur in the middle of the day.
The "severity" of a tension headache increases significantly with its frequency. Chronic tension headaches come and go over a prolonged period of time. The pain is usually throbbing and affects the front, top or sides of the head. Although the pain may vary in intensity throughout the day, the pain is almost always present. Chronic tension headaches do not affect vision, balance or strength. Tension headaches do not keep a person from performing daily tasks.
Who Gets Tension Headaches?
About 30%-80% of the adult U.S. population suffers from occasional tension headaches; approximately 3% suffer from chronic daily tension headaches. Women are twice as likely to suffer from tension-type headaches as men.
Most people with episodic tension headaches have them no more than once or twice a month, but the headaches can occur more frequently.
Chronic tension headaches tend to be more common in females. Many people with chronic tension headaches have usually had the headaches for more than 60-90 days.
About 30%-80% of the adult U.S. population suffers from occasional tension headaches; approximately 3% suffer from chronic daily tension headaches. Women are twice as likely to suffer from tension-type headaches as men.
Most people with episodic tension headaches have them no more than once or twice a month, but the headaches can occur more frequently.
Chronic tension headaches tend to be more common in females. Many people with chronic tension headaches have usually had the headaches for more than 60-90 days.
What Causes Tension Headaches?
There is no single cause for tension headaches. This type of headache is not an inherited trait that runs in families. In some people, tension headaches are caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp. This muscle tension may be caused by:
Inadequate rest - Poor posture - Emotional or mental stress, including : depression - Anxiety - Fatigue - Hunger - Overexertion
In others, tightened muscles are not part of tension headaches, and the cause is unknown.
There is no single cause for tension headaches. This type of headache is not an inherited trait that runs in families. In some people, tension headaches are caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp. This muscle tension may be caused by:
Inadequate rest - Poor posture - Emotional or mental stress, including : depression - Anxiety - Fatigue - Hunger - Overexertion
In others, tightened muscles are not part of tension headaches, and the cause is unknown.
Tension headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress. The most common sources of stress include family, social relationships, friends, work and school. Examples of stressors include:
Having problems at home/difficult family life / Having a new child / Having no close friends / Returning to school or training; preparing for tests or exams
Going on a vacation / Starting a new job / Losing a job / Being overweight
Deadlines at work /Competing in sports or other activities / Being a perfectionist
Not getting enough sleep / Being over-extended (involved in too many activities/organizations) /
Episodic tension headaches are usually triggered by an isolated stressful situation or a build-up of stress. Daily stress can lead to chronic tension headaches.
Keep Your Brain Fit
Who doesn’t want a little extra brain power? Help keep your brain fit with books, crossword puzzles, brain teasers, and of course proper nutrition.
smoking
You could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere — even in hospitals!
Ads for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're more aware about how bad smoking is for our health. Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all public places and cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on TV, radio, and in many magazines.
Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that it can shorten your life by 10 years or more; and that the habit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are still lighting up? The answer, in a word, is addiction.
Once You Start, It's Hard to Stop
Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel normal.
People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks cool. Others start because their family members or friends smoke. Statistics show that about 9 out of 10 tobacco users start before they're 18 years old. Most adults who started smoking in their teens never expected to become addicted. That's why people say it's just so much easier to not start smoking at all.
Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that it can shorten your life by 10 years or more; and that the habit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are still lighting up? The answer, in a word, is addiction.
Once You Start, It's Hard to Stop
Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel normal.
People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks cool. Others start because their family members or friends smoke. Statistics show that about 9 out of 10 tobacco users start before they're 18 years old. Most adults who started smoking in their teens never expected to become addicted. That's why people say it's just so much easier to not start smoking at all.
How Smoking Affects Your Health
There are no physical reasons to start smoking. The body doesn't need tobacco the way it needs food, water, sleep, and exercise. In fact, many of the chemicals in cigarettes, like nicotine and cyanide, are actually poisons that can kill in high enough doses.
The body is smart. It goes on the defense when it's being poisoned. For this reason, many people find it takes several tries to get started smoking: First-time smokers often feel pain or burning in the throat and lungs, and some people feel sick or even throw up the first few times they try tobacco.
The consequences of this poisoning happen gradually. Over the long term, smoking leads people to develop health problems like heart disease, stroke, emphysema (breakdown of lung tissue), and many types of cancer — including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer. People who smoke also have an increased risk of infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.
These diseases limit a person's ability to be normally active, and they can be fatal. Each time a smoker lights up, that single cigarette takes about 5 to 20 minutes off the person's life.
Smokers not only develop wrinkles and yellow teeth, they also lose bone density, which increases their risk of osteoporosis (pronounced: ahs-tee-o-puh-row-sus), a condition that causes older people to become bent over and their bones to break more easily. Smokers also tend to be less active than nonsmokers because smoking affects lung power.
Smoking can also cause fertility problems and can impact sexual health in both men and women. Girls who are on the pill or other hormone-based methods of birth control (like the patch or the ring) increase their risk of serious health problems, such as heart attacks, if they smoke.
The consequences of smoking may seem very far off, but long-term health problems aren't the only hazard of smoking. Nicotine and the other toxins in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes can affect a person's body quickly, which means that teen smokers experience many of these problems:
Bad skin. Because smoking restricts blood vessels, it can prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting to the skin — which is why smokers often appear pale and unhealthy. An Italian study also linked smoking to an increased risk of getting a type of skin rash called psoriasis.
Bad breath. Cigarettes leave smokers with a condition called halitosis, or persistent bad breath.
Bad-smelling clothes and hair. The smell of stale smoke tends to linger — not just on people's clothing, but on their hair, furniture, and cars. And it's often hard to get the smell of smoke out.
Reduced athletic performance. People who smoke usually can't compete with nonsmoking peers because the physical effects of smoking (like rapid heartbeat, decreased circulation, and shortness of breath) impair sports performance.
Greater risk of injury and slower healing time. Smoking affects the body's ability to produce collagen, so common sports injuries, such as damage to tendons and ligaments, will heal more slowly in smokers than nonsmokers.
Increased risk of illness. Studies show that smokers get more colds, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia than nonsmokers. And people with certain health conditions, like asthma, become more sick if they smoke (and often if they're just around people who smoke). Because teens who smoke as a way to manage weight often light up instead of eating, their bodies lack the nutrients they need to grow, develop, and fight off illness properly.
There are no physical reasons to start smoking. The body doesn't need tobacco the way it needs food, water, sleep, and exercise. In fact, many of the chemicals in cigarettes, like nicotine and cyanide, are actually poisons that can kill in high enough doses.
The body is smart. It goes on the defense when it's being poisoned. For this reason, many people find it takes several tries to get started smoking: First-time smokers often feel pain or burning in the throat and lungs, and some people feel sick or even throw up the first few times they try tobacco.
The consequences of this poisoning happen gradually. Over the long term, smoking leads people to develop health problems like heart disease, stroke, emphysema (breakdown of lung tissue), and many types of cancer — including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer. People who smoke also have an increased risk of infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.
These diseases limit a person's ability to be normally active, and they can be fatal. Each time a smoker lights up, that single cigarette takes about 5 to 20 minutes off the person's life.
Smokers not only develop wrinkles and yellow teeth, they also lose bone density, which increases their risk of osteoporosis (pronounced: ahs-tee-o-puh-row-sus), a condition that causes older people to become bent over and their bones to break more easily. Smokers also tend to be less active than nonsmokers because smoking affects lung power.
Smoking can also cause fertility problems and can impact sexual health in both men and women. Girls who are on the pill or other hormone-based methods of birth control (like the patch or the ring) increase their risk of serious health problems, such as heart attacks, if they smoke.
The consequences of smoking may seem very far off, but long-term health problems aren't the only hazard of smoking. Nicotine and the other toxins in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes can affect a person's body quickly, which means that teen smokers experience many of these problems:
Bad skin. Because smoking restricts blood vessels, it can prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting to the skin — which is why smokers often appear pale and unhealthy. An Italian study also linked smoking to an increased risk of getting a type of skin rash called psoriasis.
Bad breath. Cigarettes leave smokers with a condition called halitosis, or persistent bad breath.
Bad-smelling clothes and hair. The smell of stale smoke tends to linger — not just on people's clothing, but on their hair, furniture, and cars. And it's often hard to get the smell of smoke out.
Reduced athletic performance. People who smoke usually can't compete with nonsmoking peers because the physical effects of smoking (like rapid heartbeat, decreased circulation, and shortness of breath) impair sports performance.
Greater risk of injury and slower healing time. Smoking affects the body's ability to produce collagen, so common sports injuries, such as damage to tendons and ligaments, will heal more slowly in smokers than nonsmokers.
Increased risk of illness. Studies show that smokers get more colds, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia than nonsmokers. And people with certain health conditions, like asthma, become more sick if they smoke (and often if they're just around people who smoke). Because teens who smoke as a way to manage weight often light up instead of eating, their bodies lack the nutrients they need to grow, develop, and fight off illness properly.
Staying Smoke Free
All forms of tobacco — cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco — are hazardous. It doesn't help to substitute products that seem like they're better for you than regular cigarettes, such as filtered or low-tar cigarettes.
The only thing that really helps a person avoid the problems associated with smoking is staying smoke free. This isn't always easy, especially if everyone around you is smoking and offering you cigarettes. It may help to have your reasons for not smoking ready for times you may feel the pressure, such as "I just don't like it" or "I want to stay in shape for soccer" (or football, basketball, or other sport).
The good news for people who don't smoke or who want to quit is that studies show that the number of teens who smoke has dropped dramatically. Today, about 23% of high school students smoke.
If you do smoke and want to quit, you have lots of information and support available. Different approaches to quitting work for different people. For some, quitting cold turkey is best. Others find that a slower approach is the way to go. Some people find that it helps to go to a support group especially for teens. These are sometimes sponsored by local hospitals or organizations like the American Cancer Society. The Internet offers a number of good resources to help people quit smoking.
When quitting, it can be helpful to realize that the first few days are the hardest. So don’t give up. Some people find they have a few relapses before they manage to quit for good.
Staying smoke free will give you a whole lot more of everything — more energy, better performance, better looks, more money in your pocket, and, in the long run, more life to live!
All forms of tobacco — cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco — are hazardous. It doesn't help to substitute products that seem like they're better for you than regular cigarettes, such as filtered or low-tar cigarettes.
The only thing that really helps a person avoid the problems associated with smoking is staying smoke free. This isn't always easy, especially if everyone around you is smoking and offering you cigarettes. It may help to have your reasons for not smoking ready for times you may feel the pressure, such as "I just don't like it" or "I want to stay in shape for soccer" (or football, basketball, or other sport).
The good news for people who don't smoke or who want to quit is that studies show that the number of teens who smoke has dropped dramatically. Today, about 23% of high school students smoke.
If you do smoke and want to quit, you have lots of information and support available. Different approaches to quitting work for different people. For some, quitting cold turkey is best. Others find that a slower approach is the way to go. Some people find that it helps to go to a support group especially for teens. These are sometimes sponsored by local hospitals or organizations like the American Cancer Society. The Internet offers a number of good resources to help people quit smoking.
When quitting, it can be helpful to realize that the first few days are the hardest. So don’t give up. Some people find they have a few relapses before they manage to quit for good.
Staying smoke free will give you a whole lot more of everything — more energy, better performance, better looks, more money in your pocket, and, in the long run, more life to live!
الجمعة، 21 نوفمبر 2008
Diabetes is a disease that strikes more and more people every year, and the increase seems to only continue. This disease can lead to severe complications such as heart problems, kidney trouble, blindness, and amputation of limbs.
There is some thought that diabetes is genetic and that we may be born with a tendency for this disease. It is well known that it runs in families and women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at risk as well. Can we prevent or delay the onset of diabetes? Yes, here are some simple ways to allow you to avoid or delay this disease.
1. Eat healthy and wisely. Eating smaller portions is a great way to lose weight. You can make it look like more by using a smaller plate or a salad plate. Avoid snacking while you are cooking. Don’t be tempted to eat the unfinished food to keep from throwing it away or storing it in the refrigerator. Eat breakfast every day, and make your meal and snack times regular by having them at the same time each day.
2. Limit your meat, poultry, and fish intake to no more than three ounces a day. In size, this is equal to about the size of a pack of cards. Another good tip is to listen to music instead of watching TV while you are eating. If you are watching TV while you are eating, you are not aware of how much you are eating and will almost always overeat.
3. Skip desserts and refined sugars. When eating out, have a good-sized vegetable salad to take the edge off your appetite. When you receive your entrée, share it with your dinner companion, or ask for a take-home box immediately after receiving your meal. Have meals that have been stir fried or baked.
4. Use low-salt broth instead of oil and butter.
5. Drinking a full glass of water before eating will also help reduce your appetite.
6. If you are eating at a fast-food restaurant, choose the healthier foods, such as grilled chicken, salads and fruits.
7. Increase your exercise. Next to diet, exercise is vital to a healthy body especially for diabetics. If nothing else, try walking every day or swimming at your local club. Taking walks is a nice way to keep up with your friends and an enjoyable, healthy way to take a break from work related stress. If possible, avoid the elevator and take the stairs as much as you can. You can try to march in place if you cannot get outside for some reason.
All of these activities can help you prevent the onset of diabetes and all can improve your overall health levels. Try them!
children
A child is a human being between the stage of birth and puberty. The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority. "Child" may also describe a relationship with a parent or authority figure, or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nature" or "a child of the Sixties."
الخميس، 20 نوفمبر 2008
benefits of exercise
Physical exercise is important for maintaining physical fitness and can contribute positively to maintaining a healthy weight, building and maintaining healthy bone density, muscle strength, and joint mobility, promoting physiological well-being, reducing surgical risks, and strengthening the immune system.
Frequent and regular aerobic exercise has been shown to help prevent or treat serious and life-threatening chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, insomnia, and depression. Strength training appears to have continuous energy-burning effects that persist for about 24 hours after the training, though they do not offer the same cardiovascular benefits as aerobic exercises do.
Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functioning via improvement of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.In addition, physical activity has been shown to be neuroprotective in many neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. For instance, it reduces the risk of developing dementia.Furthermore, anecdotal evidence suggests that frequent exercise may reverse alcohol-induced brain damage.
Physical activity is thought to have other beneficial effects related to cognition as it increases levels of nerve growth factors, which support the survival and growth of a number of neuronal cells.
Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise also work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart by increasing cardiac volume (aerobic exercise), or myocardial thickness (strength training). Such changes are generally beneficial and healthy if they occur in response to exercise.
Not everyone benefits equally from exercise. There is tremendous variation in individual response to training: where most people will see a moderate increase in endurance from aerobic exercise, some individuals will as much as double their oxygen uptake, while others will never get any benefit at all from the exercise. Similarly, only a minority of people will show significant muscle growth after prolonged weight training, while a larger fraction experience improvements in strength.
Frequent and regular aerobic exercise has been shown to help prevent or treat serious and life-threatening chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, insomnia, and depression. Strength training appears to have continuous energy-burning effects that persist for about 24 hours after the training, though they do not offer the same cardiovascular benefits as aerobic exercises do.
Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functioning via improvement of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.In addition, physical activity has been shown to be neuroprotective in many neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases. For instance, it reduces the risk of developing dementia.Furthermore, anecdotal evidence suggests that frequent exercise may reverse alcohol-induced brain damage.
Physical activity is thought to have other beneficial effects related to cognition as it increases levels of nerve growth factors, which support the survival and growth of a number of neuronal cells.
Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise also work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart by increasing cardiac volume (aerobic exercise), or myocardial thickness (strength training). Such changes are generally beneficial and healthy if they occur in response to exercise.
Not everyone benefits equally from exercise. There is tremendous variation in individual response to training: where most people will see a moderate increase in endurance from aerobic exercise, some individuals will as much as double their oxygen uptake, while others will never get any benefit at all from the exercise. Similarly, only a minority of people will show significant muscle growth after prolonged weight training, while a larger fraction experience improvements in strength.
Bread
Bread is a staple food prepared by baking a dough of flour and water. It may be leavened or
unleavened. Salt, fat and a leavening agent such as yeast are common ingredients, though breads may contain a range of other ingredients: milk, egg, sugar, spice, fruit (such as raisins), vegetables (such as onion), nuts (such as walnuts) or seeds (such as poppy seeds). Bread is one of the oldest prepared foods, dating back to the Neolithic era. The development of leavened bread can probably also be traced to prehistoric times.
Fresh bread is prized for its taste, aroma and texture. Retaining its freshness is important to keep it appetizing. Bread that has stiffened or dried past its prime is said to be stale. Modern bread is sometimes wrapped in paper or plastic film, or stored in an airtight container such as a breadbox to keep it fresh longer. Bread that is kept in warm, moist environments is prone to the growth of mold. Bread kept at low temperatures, for example, in a refrigerator, will develop mold growth more slowly than bread kept at room temperature. However, unwrapped bread kept in a typical household refrigerator will turn stale quickly due to the low humidity of the air.
The inner, soft part of bread is known to bakers and other culinary professionals as the crumb, which is not to be confused with small bits of bread that often fall off, called crumbs. The outer hard portion of bread is called the crust.
Horse
The horse (Equus caballus) is a hoofed (ungulate) mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4500 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC; by 2000 BC the use of domesticated horses had spread throughout the Eurasian continent. Although most horses today are domesticated, there are still endangered populations of the Przewalski's Horse, the only remaining true wild horse, as well as more common feral horses which live in the wild but are descended from domesticated ancestors.
Horses and humans interact in many ways, not only in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits, but also in working activities including police work, agriculture, entertainment, assisted learning and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare. A wide variety of riding and driving techniques have been developed, using many different styles of equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water and shelter, as well as attention from specialists such as veterinarians and farriers.
Horses and humans interact in many ways, not only in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits, but also in working activities including police work, agriculture, entertainment, assisted learning and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare. A wide variety of riding and driving techniques have been developed, using many different styles of equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water and shelter, as well as attention from specialists such as veterinarians and farriers.
الثلاثاء، 18 نوفمبر 2008
diabetes
: The definition of diabetes
- World Health Organization's definition WHO :That chronic high blood sugar glucose, may occur as a result of environmental factors or hereditary factors often combine with each other
Diabetes is a chronic disease or disorder in bad representation of carbohydrates and protein and fat in the body result of the failure of the body to use glucose for a good source of energy, resulting in the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, blood glucose recuperation from the normal level (80 - 120 mg / dl), then drop in Urine concentration after 180 mg / dl of blood exceeding the threshold urinary kidneys that can not Thdzp the institution in the urine
Diabetes is a chronic disease or disorder in bad representation of carbohydrates and protein and fat in the body result of the failure of the body to use glucose for a good source of energy, resulting in the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, blood glucose recuperation from the normal level (80 - 120 mg / dl), then drop in Urine concentration after 180 mg / dl of blood exceeding the threshold urinary kidneys that can not Thdzp the institution in the urine
: Classification of diabetes
diabetes is divided into two main themes
A - Anaseebidas diabetes (non-diabetes, diabetes): It is a case of a representative rare disorder occurs due to lack of thyroid hormone in the pituitary or Alvasubresen antidiuretic hormones , or as a result of the inability of kidneys to respond properly to this hormone, And is this type of diabetes produce huge quantities of urea, regardless of the amount of fluids consumed with a sense of the situation of severe thirst, called this type Aldeaptis non-diabetes because diabetes in this case does not contain sugar and taste it.
B - Mellits diabetes (diabetes): produces a defect in the production of insulin by the pancreas. Because of that, without insulin, the body can not use blood sugar (glucose) the main source of energy. Viallo concentration in the blood glucose and less focus glucose absorbed Bonsjp body.
Diabetes is classified into two major groups
Group I: automatically link in the body without other illnesses, and represents the vast majority of diabetes, and produces automatic disruption of the balance of sugar because of the imbalance in the hormone insulin, diabetes and divided in to two types of this group :
The first type - diabetes : In this type little or no insulin, which is known diabetes , which is about 15-20% type of the disease, usually occurs before the age of thirty and it depends on the pancreatic secretion of insulin, It is known that this type of diabetes, or non-existent insulin, insulin-dependent, due to happen before the age of thirty-sugar disease, also called the young and better naming this new type of diabetes .
Type II - diabetes : This is not in the least insulin, but reduced its effectiveness and known diabetes , representing the vast majority type of the disease about 80 - 85%, and usually after the age of thirty or forty. The pancreas Bifraz in this type of insulin in the blood of the patient, and knew this type of diabetes or insulin Allamnadm Allamatmd to insulin, given the usually occurs after the age of forty-sugar disease, also known adults and best naming this new type of diabetes .
A - Anaseebidas diabetes (non-diabetes, diabetes): It is a case of a representative rare disorder occurs due to lack of thyroid hormone in the pituitary or Alvasubresen antidiuretic hormones , or as a result of the inability of kidneys to respond properly to this hormone, And is this type of diabetes produce huge quantities of urea, regardless of the amount of fluids consumed with a sense of the situation of severe thirst, called this type Aldeaptis non-diabetes because diabetes in this case does not contain sugar and taste it.
B - Mellits diabetes (diabetes): produces a defect in the production of insulin by the pancreas. Because of that, without insulin, the body can not use blood sugar (glucose) the main source of energy. Viallo concentration in the blood glucose and less focus glucose absorbed Bonsjp body.
Diabetes is classified into two major groups
Group I: automatically link in the body without other illnesses, and represents the vast majority of diabetes, and produces automatic disruption of the balance of sugar because of the imbalance in the hormone insulin, diabetes and divided in to two types of this group :
The first type - diabetes : In this type little or no insulin, which is known diabetes , which is about 15-20% type of the disease, usually occurs before the age of thirty and it depends on the pancreatic secretion of insulin, It is known that this type of diabetes, or non-existent insulin, insulin-dependent, due to happen before the age of thirty-sugar disease, also called the young and better naming this new type of diabetes .
Type II - diabetes : This is not in the least insulin, but reduced its effectiveness and known diabetes , representing the vast majority type of the disease about 80 - 85%, and usually after the age of thirty or forty. The pancreas Bifraz in this type of insulin in the blood of the patient, and knew this type of diabetes or insulin Allamnadm Allamatmd to insulin, given the usually occurs after the age of forty-sugar disease, also known adults and best naming this new type of diabetes .
Group II diabetes secondary:
occurs as a result of a secondary cause patients to stop activity resulting in cell detachment of insulin or destroyed, including sick the following reasons:
1 - excessive increase in the secretion of some hormones such as cortisone hormone, thyroid hormone, growth hormone, hormone adrenalin.
2 - address some drugs, such as drug-producing and Paul contraceptive pills and cortisone.
3 - pancreatic diseases that lead to the destruction of the beta cells Balbnkerias which manufactures insulin and storage in the form of granules inside the capsule to be ready when received warning signal that penetrates the cell wall and melt in the whiskers blood, a blood hormone insulin, next to the liver and then throughout The body. Examples of such diseases eradication of the pancreas, inflammation of the pancreas, cirrhosis of the pancreas
The role of insulin in the treatment of diabetes:
Insulin plays an important role in the revitalization of the chemical reactions occurring in most of the body's cells, specifically in three specific tissues are:
1 - liver: the hormone insulin helps the liver to store sugar, or to hinder the stock exchange or convert part to store fat in the liver.
2 - muscle: the hormone insulin helps muscle cells to take sugar glucose and stored on the image of Glycogen.
3 - fat cells: the hormone insulin helps to capture the elements of the initial fat and transferred to the fat. In addition, the hormone insulin, other side effects in the event of the high rate of natural recall, for example, but not limited to the following:
A - swelling of the appearance of peripheral tissues (such as the feet) as a result of water retention by reducing the secretion of sodium salt in the kidney.
B - plus the appearance of hair growth in women as a result of the revitalization of the ovary in women to produce the male sex hormone.
It is noteworthy that the insulin cells when they receive the trigger for the release of the hormone they met very carefully by the appeal mechanism within these cells to a high degree of sensitivity and implications of the firing of the hormone insulin in the blood rapidly during the few minutes, at the same time the amount of insulin to be identical to the squad as Rise in the sugar glucose. It should be noted that produce insulin naturally and continuously by one unit every hour in case of fasting, and eating more excretion of 3-7 unit during each meal, and consequently a total of about 35-40 units per day as follows:
24 units in addition to the ongoing 11-16 units during the daily meals, and avoid the accumulation of insulin needed to be reversed so as not to produce other sugar continue to decrease the normal level, and thus continue to control the balance of sugar in the blood where they are breaking about 50% of the blood insulin Cells in the liver loses its effect, is also breaking the remaining 50% is in the kidneys or excretion in the urine
Insulin plays an important role in the revitalization of the chemical reactions occurring in most of the body's cells, specifically in three specific tissues are:
1 - liver: the hormone insulin helps the liver to store sugar, or to hinder the stock exchange or convert part to store fat in the liver.
2 - muscle: the hormone insulin helps muscle cells to take sugar glucose and stored on the image of Glycogen.
3 - fat cells: the hormone insulin helps to capture the elements of the initial fat and transferred to the fat. In addition, the hormone insulin, other side effects in the event of the high rate of natural recall, for example, but not limited to the following:
A - swelling of the appearance of peripheral tissues (such as the feet) as a result of water retention by reducing the secretion of sodium salt in the kidney.
B - plus the appearance of hair growth in women as a result of the revitalization of the ovary in women to produce the male sex hormone.
It is noteworthy that the insulin cells when they receive the trigger for the release of the hormone they met very carefully by the appeal mechanism within these cells to a high degree of sensitivity and implications of the firing of the hormone insulin in the blood rapidly during the few minutes, at the same time the amount of insulin to be identical to the squad as Rise in the sugar glucose. It should be noted that produce insulin naturally and continuously by one unit every hour in case of fasting, and eating more excretion of 3-7 unit during each meal, and consequently a total of about 35-40 units per day as follows:
24 units in addition to the ongoing 11-16 units during the daily meals, and avoid the accumulation of insulin needed to be reversed so as not to produce other sugar continue to decrease the normal level, and thus continue to control the balance of sugar in the blood where they are breaking about 50% of the blood insulin Cells in the liver loses its effect, is also breaking the remaining 50% is in the kidneys or excretion in the urine
There are several symptoms characteristic of diabetes, including:
1 - Increase the volume of urine than usual and frequent urination during the night and day, repeatedly.
2 - weight loss despite an increase in appetite for a meal without justification.
3 - General sense of vulnerability and stress, fatigue, weakness and lack of vitality.
4 - a sudden increase in weight.
5 - a non-healing wounds.
6 - dry mouth, throat and a sense of constant thirst.
7 - a recurrent skin infection.
8 - itching or scratching around sensitive locations, especially for women.
9 - high blood Alkithonip material and the emergence of the smell of acetone mouth.
10 - to increase the level of sugar glucose in the blood of normal .
11 - dizziness and balance.
12 - Zgllp and the disruption of the eye.
13 - heavy secretion of race.
14 - a severe painful muscle especially grocery men.
15 - The thrill of beating, with the possible loss of consciousness.
16 - the emergence of sugar glucose in the blood.
17 - the emergence of numbness or pain in the feet parties or Alokz .
18 - The emergence of job loss nerve .
19 - sense of the situation volatile
20 - there was something wrong in the entire immune system because of the willingness shown by genetic factors, acquired from the environment .
21 - sense of the situation of hunger unusual.
22 - bedwetting case has been repeatedly during sleep in children living with diabetes type .
23 - numbness lips, and is happening in the case of a lack of sugar in the blood.
24 - where the loss of hair and feet increase in facial hair type (2) diabetes .
25 - Dimply emergence of yellow anywhere in the body .
26 - not a sense of adult diabetics Btam sweet when to dissolve sugar spoonful of the amount of 1.5-2 ounces in the water despite the fact that a person not injured Btam sugar is sweet when the amount of iron spoon of sugar or less in ounces of water .
27 - incidence of coma.
1 - Increase the volume of urine than usual and frequent urination during the night and day, repeatedly.
2 - weight loss despite an increase in appetite for a meal without justification.
3 - General sense of vulnerability and stress, fatigue, weakness and lack of vitality.
4 - a sudden increase in weight.
5 - a non-healing wounds.
6 - dry mouth, throat and a sense of constant thirst.
7 - a recurrent skin infection.
8 - itching or scratching around sensitive locations, especially for women.
9 - high blood Alkithonip material and the emergence of the smell of acetone mouth.
10 - to increase the level of sugar glucose in the blood of normal .
11 - dizziness and balance.
12 - Zgllp and the disruption of the eye.
13 - heavy secretion of race.
14 - a severe painful muscle especially grocery men.
15 - The thrill of beating, with the possible loss of consciousness.
16 - the emergence of sugar glucose in the blood.
17 - the emergence of numbness or pain in the feet parties or Alokz .
18 - The emergence of job loss nerve .
19 - sense of the situation volatile
20 - there was something wrong in the entire immune system because of the willingness shown by genetic factors, acquired from the environment .
21 - sense of the situation of hunger unusual.
22 - bedwetting case has been repeatedly during sleep in children living with diabetes type .
23 - numbness lips, and is happening in the case of a lack of sugar in the blood.
24 - where the loss of hair and feet increase in facial hair type (2) diabetes .
25 - Dimply emergence of yellow anywhere in the body .
26 - not a sense of adult diabetics Btam sweet when to dissolve sugar spoonful of the amount of 1.5-2 ounces in the water despite the fact that a person not injured Btam sugar is sweet when the amount of iron spoon of sugar or less in ounces of water .
27 - incidence of coma.
Diet for diabetics:
1 - Feeding obese diabetic: You must decrease the total daily caloric needs of obese diabetic until it reaches his body weight to less than ideal weight is about 5%, and only reduce the weight Balregim food is not required to give insulin in this case as long as they are accompanied by complications. And continue to follow the diet food to obese diabetic up to the required weight, and then apply a balanced diet food, which is equivalent to maintain that weight (5% less than the ideal weight). But if continued emergence of sugar in the urine, although access to the weight the last time is appropriate to use insulin or diabetes pills to reduce the sugar in the urine completely.
2 - Feeding diabetic skinny: You must increase the total daily caloric needs of diabetic so skinny and weighed up to his normal weight. Then it must apply a balanced diet food after the maintain the weight, but the diabetic skinny always need pills or insulin to treat diabetes or both to control the sugar in his blood. In general, must be provided food diet therapy for diabetic skinny provide meals with a high content of protein and reduced levels of fat and moderate amounts of carbohydrates, vitamins dealt with the composite (b).
3 - Feeding diabetic with a normal weight: You must apply the rules of ordinary food with care to identify and control the total daily caloric needs to ensure the maintenance of the stability of the patient's weight does not resort to insulin injection therapy or diabetes tablets only in the event of continued emergence of sugar in the urine
الاثنين، 17 نوفمبر 2008
diabetes is along life disease where the body doesnt use enough inaulindiabetes is a common biseases between yonng and old.because of obeaity and genetic factorsdiabetes has many symptoms like thirst,tiredness weight loss and blurret vision.. how can weavoid diabetes enough sleepregular exercise enough checkup
lemons
Lemons entered Europe (near southern Italy) no later than the first century AD, during the time of Ancient Rome. However, they were not widely cultivated. The first real lemon cultivation in Europe began in Genoa in the middle of the fifteenth century. It was later introduced to the Americas in 1493 when Christopher Columbus brought lemon seeds to Hispaniola along his voyages. Spanish conquest throughout the New World helped spread lemon seeds. It was mainly used as ornament and medicine. In 1700s and late 1800s, lemons were increasingly planted in Florida and California when lemons began to be used in cooking and flavoring.
In 1747, James Lind's experiments on seamen suffering from scurvy involved adding Vitamin C to their diets through lemon juice.
The name lemon was originated from Arabic līmūn لیمون and Persian limun through Old Italian and Old French
In 1747, James Lind's experiments on seamen suffering from scurvy involved adding Vitamin C to their diets through lemon juice.
The name lemon was originated from Arabic līmūn لیمون and Persian limun through Old Italian and Old French
The Discovery of Insulin: A Canadian medical miracle of the 20th century
In the fall of 1920 Dr. Frederick Banting had an idea that would unlock the mystery of the dreaded diabetes disorder. Before this, for thousands of years, a diabetes diagnosis meant wasting away to a certain death. Working at a University of Toronto laboratory in the very hot summer of 1921 Fred Banting and Charles Best were able to make a pancreatic extract which had anti diabetic characteristics. They were successful in testing their extract on diabetic dogs. Within months Professor J. J. R. MacLeod,
who provided the lab space and general scientific direction to Banting and Best, put his entire research team to work on the production and purification of insulin. J.B. Collip joined the team and with his technical expertise the four discoverers were able to purify insulin for use on diabetic patients. The first tests were conducted on Leonard Thompson early in 1922. These were a spectacular success. Word of this spread quickly around the world giving immediate hope to many diabetic persons who were near death. A frenzied quest for insulin followed. Some patients in a diabetic coma made miraculous recoveries.
While insulin is not a cure, this medical discovery has and continues to save millions of lives world-wide. The production of insulin has changed a great deal since 1922. Modern science and technology has made high quality insulin and delivery systems available to diabetic persons.
This website features biographical sketches of the discoverers, descriptions of the experiments, a scrapbook of old newspaper clippings, pictures, a recording of Banting?s voice, a list of books and videos available on the history of the discovery and diabetes.
The Discovery of Insulin website is sponsored by the Sir Frederick Banting Legacy Foundation. We are located in the former town of Alliston Ontario, which has been renamed the Town of New Tecumseth. This is the birthplace of Sir Frederick Banting and his birthplace is badly in need of repairs.
lemon
The exact origin of the lemon has remained a mystery, though it is widely presumed that lemons first grew in India, northern Burma, and China. In South and South East Asia, it was known for its antiseptic properties and it was used as an antidote for various poisons. It was later introduced to Persia and then to Iraq and Egypt around AD 700. The lemon was first recorded in literature in a tenth century Arabic treatise on farming, and was also used as an ornamental plant in early Islamic gardens. It was distributed widely throughout the Arab world and the Mediterranean region between AD 1000 and AD 1150.
insulin
Did you know that the gland that produces insulin of the pancreas gland is well known that several glands in the body including: the pituitary gland, thyroid and adrenal gland. Each with several functions such as: growth rate and the ultimate size and distribution of body hair, weight and overall Gerhaalgdp of insulin-producing gland is ... This disease has been called by that name in relation to the French officer infected with the disease
السبت، 15 نوفمبر 2008
Unit 3 set questions
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 6 ( page 87 )
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1)What are the causes of obesity ( being overweight) ?
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1)What are the causes of obesity ( being overweight) ?
a-Eating too much. b-depending on technology. c-inactive lifestyle. d-sedentary. e-bad diet.
2)What are the demerits (bad results) of being obese ( overweight ) ?
a-bad health. b-breathless after walking. c- feeling very tired after work
a-bad health. b-breathless after walking. c- feeling very tired after work
3) Obesity leads to many serious diseases. Mention.
a- heart diseases. b- diabetes c- skin problems d- strokes. e- high blood pressure.
4)Obesity wasn’t so common among people in the past as it is today. Explain
In the past:- people didn’t have access to so much food. b-they were much more active
In the past:- people didn’t have access to so much food. b-they were much more active
Today:- people depend heavily on technology and comforts. b-eating fast food.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 7 ( page 88-89 )
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1) What is diabetes?
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 7 ( page 88-89 )
----------- ---------------------------------
1) What is diabetes?
It is a lifelong condition where your body doesn’t produce enough insulin, or your body doesn’t use the insulin it produces.
2) What is insulin?
2) What is insulin?
It is a hormone made in your pancreas. It helps your body to use glucose ( sugar ) and change it from food into energy.
3) What are the symptoms of diabetes?
–Thirst -Dehydration - Weight loss - Passing large quantities of urine - Tiredness - blurred vision
4) What are the causes of diabetes?
a- Genetic factors. b- Obesity.
5) What are the types of diabetes?
a- where the body makes little or no insulin.
b-where the body makes insulin but can’t use it properly.
c-where the body is not able to properly use insulin during pregnancy.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 8 ( page 91 )
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1)What are the benefits of regular exercise?
b-where the body makes insulin but can’t use it properly.
c-where the body is not able to properly use insulin during pregnancy.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 8 ( page 91 )
----------- -----------------------------
1)What are the benefits of regular exercise?
a-It keeps your heart and lungs healthy.
b- It makes you stronger ,keeps you healthier and makes you feel better.
b- It makes you stronger ,keeps you healthier and makes you feel better.
2) What are the steps for getting started ( exercising )?
a-Wearing the correct clothes and equipment for the sport.
b-Choosing suitable sport. c- Stretching.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 9 ( page 94-95 ) First Term
------------ ---------------------------------- ---------------
1) What’s meant by stress?
a-It’s a feeling that you have to do more all the time.
b-It’s when you worry about your life all the time and can’t relax.
b-It’s when you worry about your life all the time and can’t relax.
2)What’s meant by stressors?
They are things that make you worried or under pressure
3)What are the things that might cause stress?
a-change in school or work conditions
b-leaving home to study or marriage.
b-leaving home to study or marriage.
c-promotion or graduation.
d-divorce,death,illness
4)What are the signs of stress?
a-difficulty falling asleep. b-feeling tired all the time.
c-can’t concentrate. d-get angry easily. e-having sad thoughts. f-driving too fast.
c-can’t concentrate. d-get angry easily. e-having sad thoughts. f-driving too fast.
5)Stress sometimes has a good effect(work positively) on people’s lives. Explain.
a-It makes them succeed and get ahead. b-It helps them to do better in their lives.
a-It makes them succeed and get ahead. b-It helps them to do better in their lives.
6)How can students control stress?
a-They can study regularly and not wait the exam.
b-They can take breaks, exercise or relax during the day.
c-They can manage their time.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 10 ( 96-97 ) First Term
------------ ------------------------------ ---------------
1)What are the causes of smoking?
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 10 ( 96-97 ) First Term
------------ ------------------------------ ---------------
1)What are the causes of smoking?
a- advertisements that show smoking attractive.
b-bad company. c-family problems. d-young people like to imitate adults.
b-bad company. c-family problems. d-young people like to imitate adults.
2)What are the dangers of smoking?
a- cancer and heart diseases.
b-bad breath, stained teeth, loss of taste and gum infection.
b-bad breath, stained teeth, loss of taste and gum infection.
3)Smokers find it hard to quit smoking. Give reasons.
a-They don’t have a strong will to quit smoking.
b-They become slaves to the bad habit.
4)How can we help smokers stop smoking?
a-Explaining its dangers to them.
b-Helping them to overcome their problems.
b-Helping them to overcome their problems.
5)What should smokers do to stop smoking?
a-They must really want to stop.
b-avoid other smokers.
b-avoid other smokers.
c-go for walks.
d-take up a hobby.
e-cut down on tea and coffee
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 11 ( page 98 ) First Term
------------ -------------------------------- --------------
1) What can you do to protect your senses?
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 11 ( page 98 ) First Term
------------ -------------------------------- --------------
1) What can you do to protect your senses?
a-Seeing(eyes):Don’t spend too much time in front of TV or computer screen.
b-Hearing(ears):Don’t listen to loud music and don’t use the mobile phone for a long time.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 12 ( page 100) First Term
------------ --------------------------------- ----------------
1)What do the letters RICE stand for?
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 12 ( page 100) First Term
------------ --------------------------------- ----------------
1)What do the letters RICE stand for?
They stand for: rest, ice, compress, elevate.
2)What do you do if someone sprains his ankle?
a-make him rest.b-use ice to cool it
c-compress the sprain to keep it from swelling.
c-compress the sprain to keep it from swelling.
d-elevate the foot.
3)What do you do if someone is choking?
a-Stand behind him. b-Lower his head to his knees.
c-With your hand, hit his back hard between the shoulder blades.
4)What is the Heimlich Manoeuvre?
The method to help a choking person.
Grade 12 Unit 3 Step 14 ( page 104 ) First Term
------------ ----------------------------------- ---------------
------------ ----------------------------------- ---------------
1) What’s longevity?
It’s the term for living for a long time.
2) People in developed countries live longer than people in poor countries. Why?
a-They have better nutrition. b-They have better health care.
a-They have better nutrition. b-They have better health care.
3) There are many factors that affect longevity. Mention
Family history or heredity, lifestyle, diet, smoking and attitude.
Family history or heredity, lifestyle, diet, smoking and attitude.
4) There are many things that can reduce your longevity. Mention.
a-being overweight. b-bad diet. c-smoking. d-not getting exercise. e-bad driving.
a-being overweight. b-bad diet. c-smoking. d-not getting exercise. e-bad driving.
الجمعة، 14 نوفمبر 2008
The importance of English language
Do you want to:
earn good grades while you are in the United States?
be able to speak comfortably with your teachers, fellow students, and neighbors?
have a good relationship with your academic adviser?
obtain a graduate teaching assistantship or other form of financial aid?
be able to carry out normal administrative procedures without stress?
be able shop, talk on a telephone, and use the public transportation system without difficulty?
get an internship in your field of study
make presentations at professional meetings?
make a positive impression on prospective employers?
make friends with people who are not Arabs?
earn good grades while you are in the United States?
be able to speak comfortably with your teachers, fellow students, and neighbors?
have a good relationship with your academic adviser?
obtain a graduate teaching assistantship or other form of financial aid?
be able to carry out normal administrative procedures without stress?
be able shop, talk on a telephone, and use the public transportation system without difficulty?
get an internship in your field of study
make presentations at professional meetings?
make a positive impression on prospective employers?
make friends with people who are not Arabs?
All of these worthy goals require using English. Everything will be easier for you, and you will be able to accomplish more of what you want to accomplish, if you speak English well. Much of your success in the U.S. will depend on your ability to communicate with people in English. There will be times when you need to know how to use a machine, obtain information on getting a job, or convince another person of your ideas. To accomplish these goals you will need English. Students constantly share ideas and information in informal conversations. If you miss out on these conversations, your chances for professional and personal success will be limited compared to your peers
الخميس، 13 نوفمبر 2008
"I hate school, and I'm not going back!"
Have you ever had that thought? Lots of kids do. Usually this feeling doesn't last long. But what happens if you feel this way too much? School is a fact of life and getting an education can help you build the kind of future life you want. So let's talk about school and what to do when you don't like it.
Signs of School Stress
When you worry about school, it can affect your body. A kid who feels stressed about school might have headaches or stomachaches. You might feel "butterflies" or like you have to throw up.
Having trouble sleeping is also a sign of stress. And if you're not getting enough sleep, you probably feel grouchy and tired during the day. Feeling tired can make your school day seem even worse.
If you're stressed out, you might have a hard time making decisions. In the morning, you can't decide what to eat, what to wear, or what to pack for lunch. You don't want to go to school, so you put off getting your stuff together. And now you're not prepared to go to school, and you've just missed the bus - again! Staying home may seem like a good choice, but it just makes it harder to go to school the next day.
When you worry about school, it can affect your body. A kid who feels stressed about school might have headaches or stomachaches. You might feel "butterflies" or like you have to throw up.
Having trouble sleeping is also a sign of stress. And if you're not getting enough sleep, you probably feel grouchy and tired during the day. Feeling tired can make your school day seem even worse.
If you're stressed out, you might have a hard time making decisions. In the morning, you can't decide what to eat, what to wear, or what to pack for lunch. You don't want to go to school, so you put off getting your stuff together. And now you're not prepared to go to school, and you've just missed the bus - again! Staying home may seem like a good choice, but it just makes it harder to go to school the next day.
Why Do Some Kids Dislike School?
If you don't like school, the first step is finding out why. You might not like school because a bully is bothering you, or because a kid you don't like wants to hang around with you. Or maybe you don't get along with your teacher. You might feel different or worry that you don't have enough friends.
Sometimes it's a problem with your classes and schoolwork. Maybe the work is too easy and you get bored. Or maybe the work is too hard, or you don't feel as smart as the other kids. Reading may be difficult for you, but you're expected to do a lot of it. You may be getting farther and farther behind, and it may seem like you'll never catch up.
When you know why you don't like school, you can start taking steps to make things better.
If you don't like school, the first step is finding out why. You might not like school because a bully is bothering you, or because a kid you don't like wants to hang around with you. Or maybe you don't get along with your teacher. You might feel different or worry that you don't have enough friends.
Sometimes it's a problem with your classes and schoolwork. Maybe the work is too easy and you get bored. Or maybe the work is too hard, or you don't feel as smart as the other kids. Reading may be difficult for you, but you're expected to do a lot of it. You may be getting farther and farther behind, and it may seem like you'll never catch up.
When you know why you don't like school, you can start taking steps to make things better.
Finding Help
It's a good idea to talk to someone about your problems with school. Your mom, dad, relative, teacher, or school counselor will be able to help you. It's especially important to tell an adult if the problem is that you're being bullied or someone hurts you physically.
Another good idea is to write down your feelings about school in a journal. You can use a journal or diary or just write in an ordinary notebook. It's a great way to let out emotions that may be stuck inside you. And you don't have to share what you've written with others.
If you feel disorganized or like you can't keep up with your schoolwork, your teachers and school counselors want to help. Teachers want and expect you to ask for help learning stuff. If all of your subjects seem really hard, a school counselor can help you sort things out. Special help is available if you need it. Try not to let the problems go on too long. It's easier to catch up on one chapter than the whole book!
It's a good idea to talk to someone about your problems with school. Your mom, dad, relative, teacher, or school counselor will be able to help you. It's especially important to tell an adult if the problem is that you're being bullied or someone hurts you physically.
Another good idea is to write down your feelings about school in a journal. You can use a journal or diary or just write in an ordinary notebook. It's a great way to let out emotions that may be stuck inside you. And you don't have to share what you've written with others.
If you feel disorganized or like you can't keep up with your schoolwork, your teachers and school counselors want to help. Teachers want and expect you to ask for help learning stuff. If all of your subjects seem really hard, a school counselor can help you sort things out. Special help is available if you need it. Try not to let the problems go on too long. It's easier to catch up on one chapter than the whole book!
Feeling Better About School
The next time you find yourself disliking school, try this:
First, write down everything you don't like about school.
Then make a list of the good things you enjoy (even if it's only recess and lunch, that's a start!).
Now, what can you change on the "don't like" list? Would remembering to do your homework help you feel more confident if you're called on in class? Could you find a way to show off your special interests and talents? If you made just one new friend, would you feel less alone? If you helped someone else feel less alone, would you feel even better? Which activities could you try that would help you meet new friends?
Of course, you may not be able to change everything on your "don't like" list. A bully may not simply disappear. Reading may always be a challenge. But that's OK. Focus on what you can change and you might be able to put the cool back in school
The next time you find yourself disliking school, try this:
First, write down everything you don't like about school.
Then make a list of the good things you enjoy (even if it's only recess and lunch, that's a start!).
Now, what can you change on the "don't like" list? Would remembering to do your homework help you feel more confident if you're called on in class? Could you find a way to show off your special interests and talents? If you made just one new friend, would you feel less alone? If you helped someone else feel less alone, would you feel even better? Which activities could you try that would help you meet new friends?
Of course, you may not be able to change everything on your "don't like" list. A bully may not simply disappear. Reading may always be a challenge. But that's OK. Focus on what you can change and you might be able to put the cool back in school
How did you learn how to ride your bike? Someone probably gave you a few lessons and then you practiced a lot. You can learn how to study in much the same way. No one is born knowing how to study. You need to learn a few study skills and then practice them.Why work on your study skills? It will make it easier for you to learn and do well in class, especially as you move up to middle school and high school.
Here are six steps to smarter studying:
1.pay attention in class.
2.Take good notes.
3.Plan ahead for tests and projects.
4.Break it down. (If you have a bunch of stuff to learn, break it into smaller chunks.)
5.Ask for help if you get stuck.
6.Get a good night’s sleep!
1. Pay Attention: Good Studying Starts in Class
Here’s a riddle for you: Did you know that before you even begin studying, you've already started? Huh? Here’s what we mean. When you pay attention in class and take good notes, you are starting the process of learning and studying.
Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Is it hard to see the board? Make sure you're sitting in a good seat that lets you pay attention. Tell your teacher or parents about any problems that are preventing you from paying attention and taking good notes.
2. Good Notes = Easier Studying
Not sure how to take notes? Start by writing down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board during class. Try your best to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It’s also a good idea to keep your notes, quizzes, and papers organized by subject.
3. Plan Ahead and You'll Be Glad You Did
Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make for a homework night that's no fun! It also makes it hard to do your best. We're all guilty of putting things off sometimes. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead.
Ask for a cool calendar (something you like and can keep by your desk or study area) and write down your test and assignment due dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Are lessons or extracurricular activities making it hard to find time to study? Ask your mom or dad how to make a schedule of what to do when.
4. Break It Up!
When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into chunks. Let's say you have a test on 20 spelling words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word chunks and working on one or two different chunks each night.
Don't worry if you can't remember something on the first try. That's where practice comes in. The more days you spend reviewing something, the more likely it is to stick in your brain. There are also tricks called mnemonic (say: new-mah-nik) devices that can help you remember stuff. When you're trying to memorize a list of things, make up a phrase that uses the first letter of each. For example, are you trying to learn the eight planets and their order from the sun? Think: My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos to remember Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Your teacher can give you ideas, too.
Another way to break it up is to study regularly instead of just the night before. You can always review your notes and read over the chapters you're working on. Or, if you're studying math or science, do some practice problems.
How much studying should you do each night? Your teacher can help you figure it out. Most brains can only pay attention for about 45 minutes. So if you've been working for a while and find it hard to pay attention, try taking a break for some water or a walk around the house. Just fight the temptation to turn on the TV or stop working!
5. Lose the Confusion — Ask for Help
You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help if you're confused about something. You can check yourself by reading through your notes. Does it all make sense? If not, ask your teacher to go over it with you. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help.
6. Sleep Tight!
So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan — but suddenly you can't remember anything, not even 2+2! Don’t panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning.
When you exercise, you're helping build a strong body that will be able to move around and do all the stuff you need it to do. Try to be active every day and your body will thank you later!
Exercise Makes Your Heart Happy
You may know that your heart is a muscle. It works hard, pumping blood every day of your life. You can help this important muscle get stronger by doing aerobic (say: air-o-bik) exercise.
Aerobic means "with air," so aerobic exercise is a kind of activity that requires oxygen. When you breathe, you take in oxygen, and, if you're doing aerobic exercise, you may notice you're breathing faster than normal. Aerobic activity can get your heart pumping, make you sweaty, and quicken your breathing.
When your give your heart this kind of workout on a regular basis, your heart will get even better at its main job - delivering oxygen (in the form of oxygen-carrying blood cells) to all parts of your body.
So you want to do some aerobic exercise right now? Try swimming, basketball, ice or roller hockey, jogging (or walking quickly), in-line skating, soccer, cross-country skiing, biking, or rowing. And don't forget that skipping, jumping rope, and playing hopscotch are aerobic activities, too!
Exercise Strengthens Muscles
Another kind of exercise can help make your muscles stronger. Did you ever do a push-up or swing across the monkey bars at the playground? Those are exercises that can build strength. By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them stronger. For older teens and adults, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, too.
Here are some exercises and activities to build strong muscles:
push-ups - pull-ups - tug-of-war - rowing - running - in-line skating - bike riding
Exercise Makes You Flexible
Can you touch your toes easily without yelling ouch? Most kids are pretty flexible, which means that they can bend and stretch their bodies without much trouble. This kind of exercise often feels really good, like when you take a big stretch in the morning after waking up. Being flexible is having "full range of motion," which means you can move your arms and legs freely without feeling tightness or pain. It's easy to find things to do for good flexibility:
tumbling and gymnastics - yoga - dancing, especially ballet - martial arts - simple stretches, such as touching your toes or side stretches
Exercise Keeps the Balance
Food gives your body fuel in the form of calories, which are a kind of energy. Your body needs a certain amount of calories every day just to function, breathe, walk around, and do all the basic stuff. But if you're active, your body needs an extra measure of calories or energy. If you're not very active, your body won't need as many calories. Whatever your calorie need is, if you eat enough to meet that need, your body weight will stay about the same. If you eat more calories than your body needs, it may be stored as excess fat.
Exercise Makes You Feel Good
It feels good to have a strong, flexible body that can do all the activities you enjoy - like running, jumping, and playing with your friends. It's also fun to be good at something, like scoring a basket, hitting a home run, or perfecting a dive. But you may not know that exercising can actually put you in a better mood.
When you exercise, your brain releases a chemical called endorphins (say: en-dor-funz), which may make you feel happier. It's just another reason why exercise is cool!
Exercise Makes Your Heart Happy
You may know that your heart is a muscle. It works hard, pumping blood every day of your life. You can help this important muscle get stronger by doing aerobic (say: air-o-bik) exercise.
Aerobic means "with air," so aerobic exercise is a kind of activity that requires oxygen. When you breathe, you take in oxygen, and, if you're doing aerobic exercise, you may notice you're breathing faster than normal. Aerobic activity can get your heart pumping, make you sweaty, and quicken your breathing.
When your give your heart this kind of workout on a regular basis, your heart will get even better at its main job - delivering oxygen (in the form of oxygen-carrying blood cells) to all parts of your body.
So you want to do some aerobic exercise right now? Try swimming, basketball, ice or roller hockey, jogging (or walking quickly), in-line skating, soccer, cross-country skiing, biking, or rowing. And don't forget that skipping, jumping rope, and playing hopscotch are aerobic activities, too!
Exercise Strengthens Muscles
Another kind of exercise can help make your muscles stronger. Did you ever do a push-up or swing across the monkey bars at the playground? Those are exercises that can build strength. By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them stronger. For older teens and adults, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, too.
Here are some exercises and activities to build strong muscles:
push-ups - pull-ups - tug-of-war - rowing - running - in-line skating - bike riding
Exercise Makes You Flexible
Can you touch your toes easily without yelling ouch? Most kids are pretty flexible, which means that they can bend and stretch their bodies without much trouble. This kind of exercise often feels really good, like when you take a big stretch in the morning after waking up. Being flexible is having "full range of motion," which means you can move your arms and legs freely without feeling tightness or pain. It's easy to find things to do for good flexibility:
tumbling and gymnastics - yoga - dancing, especially ballet - martial arts - simple stretches, such as touching your toes or side stretches
Exercise Keeps the Balance
Food gives your body fuel in the form of calories, which are a kind of energy. Your body needs a certain amount of calories every day just to function, breathe, walk around, and do all the basic stuff. But if you're active, your body needs an extra measure of calories or energy. If you're not very active, your body won't need as many calories. Whatever your calorie need is, if you eat enough to meet that need, your body weight will stay about the same. If you eat more calories than your body needs, it may be stored as excess fat.
Exercise Makes You Feel Good
It feels good to have a strong, flexible body that can do all the activities you enjoy - like running, jumping, and playing with your friends. It's also fun to be good at something, like scoring a basket, hitting a home run, or perfecting a dive. But you may not know that exercising can actually put you in a better mood.
When you exercise, your brain releases a chemical called endorphins (say: en-dor-funz), which may make you feel happier. It's just another reason why exercise is cool!
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